Linear Regression

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__pycache__

README.md

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
-# upo-ml
-Project for Machine Learning
+# UPO Machine Learning
+Project for done using [Python 3.10.8](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3108/)
+
+

datasets/auto-mpg.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
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datasets/heart.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
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+65,1,4,110,248,0,2,158,0,0.6,1,2,6,2
+65,0,3,155,269,0,0,148,0,0.8,1,0,3,1
+60,1,3,140,185,0,2,155,0,3,2,0,3,2
+60,1,4,145,282,0,2,142,1,2.8,2,2,7,2
+54,1,4,120,188,0,0,113,0,1.4,2,1,7,2
+44,1,2,130,219,0,2,188,0,0,1,0,3,1
+44,1,4,112,290,0,2,153,0,0,1,1,3,2
+51,1,3,110,175,0,0,123,0,0.6,1,0,3,1
+59,1,3,150,212,1,0,157,0,1.6,1,0,3,1
+71,0,2,160,302,0,0,162,0,0.4,1,2,3,1
+61,1,3,150,243,1,0,137,1,1,2,0,3,1
+55,1,4,132,353,0,0,132,1,1.2,2,1,7,2
+64,1,3,140,335,0,0,158,0,0,1,0,3,2
+43,1,4,150,247,0,0,171,0,1.5,1,0,3,1
+58,0,3,120,340,0,0,172,0,0,1,0,3,1
+60,1,4,130,206,0,2,132,1,2.4,2,2,7,2
+58,1,2,120,284,0,2,160,0,1.8,2,0,3,2
+49,1,2,130,266,0,0,171,0,0.6,1,0,3,1
+48,1,2,110,229,0,0,168,0,1,3,0,7,2
+52,1,3,172,199,1,0,162,0,0.5,1,0,7,1
+44,1,2,120,263,0,0,173,0,0,1,0,7,1
+56,0,2,140,294,0,2,153,0,1.3,2,0,3,1
+57,1,4,140,192,0,0,148,0,0.4,2,0,6,1
+67,1,4,160,286,0,2,108,1,1.5,2,3,3,2

datasets/iris.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+SepalLength,SepalWidth,PetalLength,PetalWidth,Class
+5.1,3.5,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.9,3,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.7,3.2,1.3,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.6,3.1,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5,3.6,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5.4,3.9,1.7,0.4,Iris-setosa
+4.6,3.4,1.4,0.3,Iris-setosa
+5,3.4,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.4,2.9,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.9,3.1,1.5,0.1,Iris-setosa
+5.4,3.7,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.8,3.4,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.8,3,1.4,0.1,Iris-setosa
+4.3,3,1.1,0.1,Iris-setosa
+5.8,4,1.2,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5.7,4.4,1.5,0.4,Iris-setosa
+5.4,3.9,1.3,0.4,Iris-setosa
+5.1,3.5,1.4,0.3,Iris-setosa
+5.7,3.8,1.7,0.3,Iris-setosa
+5.1,3.8,1.5,0.3,Iris-setosa
+5.4,3.4,1.7,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5.1,3.7,1.5,0.4,Iris-setosa
+4.6,3.6,1,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5.1,3.3,1.7,0.5,Iris-setosa
+4.8,3.4,1.9,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5,3,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5,3.4,1.6,0.4,Iris-setosa
+5.2,3.5,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5.2,3.4,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.7,3.2,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.8,3.1,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5.4,3.4,1.5,0.4,Iris-setosa
+5.2,4.1,1.5,0.1,Iris-setosa
+5.5,4.2,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.9,3.1,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5,3.2,1.2,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5.5,3.5,1.3,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.9,3.6,1.4,0.1,Iris-setosa
+4.4,3,1.3,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5.1,3.4,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5,3.5,1.3,0.3,Iris-setosa
+4.5,2.3,1.3,0.3,Iris-setosa
+4.4,3.2,1.3,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5,3.5,1.6,0.6,Iris-setosa
+5.1,3.8,1.9,0.4,Iris-setosa
+4.8,3,1.4,0.3,Iris-setosa
+5.1,3.8,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
+4.6,3.2,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5.3,3.7,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
+5,3.3,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
+7,3.2,4.7,1.4,Iris-versicolor
+6.4,3.2,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+6.9,3.1,4.9,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+5.5,2.3,4,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+6.5,2.8,4.6,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+5.7,2.8,4.5,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+6.3,3.3,4.7,1.6,Iris-versicolor
+4.9,2.4,3.3,1,Iris-versicolor
+6.6,2.9,4.6,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+5.2,2.7,3.9,1.4,Iris-versicolor
+5,2,3.5,1,Iris-versicolor
+5.9,3,4.2,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+6,2.2,4,1,Iris-versicolor
+6.1,2.9,4.7,1.4,Iris-versicolor
+5.6,2.9,3.6,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+6.7,3.1,4.4,1.4,Iris-versicolor
+5.6,3,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+5.8,2.7,4.1,1,Iris-versicolor
+6.2,2.2,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+5.6,2.5,3.9,1.1,Iris-versicolor
+5.9,3.2,4.8,1.8,Iris-versicolor
+6.1,2.8,4,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+6.3,2.5,4.9,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+6.1,2.8,4.7,1.2,Iris-versicolor
+6.4,2.9,4.3,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+6.6,3,4.4,1.4,Iris-versicolor
+6.8,2.8,4.8,1.4,Iris-versicolor
+6.7,3,5,1.7,Iris-versicolor
+6,2.9,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+5.7,2.6,3.5,1,Iris-versicolor
+5.5,2.4,3.8,1.1,Iris-versicolor
+5.5,2.4,3.7,1,Iris-versicolor
+5.8,2.7,3.9,1.2,Iris-versicolor
+6,2.7,5.1,1.6,Iris-versicolor
+5.4,3,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+6,3.4,4.5,1.6,Iris-versicolor
+6.7,3.1,4.7,1.5,Iris-versicolor
+6.3,2.3,4.4,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+5.6,3,4.1,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+5.5,2.5,4,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+5.5,2.6,4.4,1.2,Iris-versicolor
+6.1,3,4.6,1.4,Iris-versicolor
+5.8,2.6,4,1.2,Iris-versicolor
+5,2.3,3.3,1,Iris-versicolor
+5.6,2.7,4.2,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+5.7,3,4.2,1.2,Iris-versicolor
+5.7,2.9,4.2,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+6.2,2.9,4.3,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+5.1,2.5,3,1.1,Iris-versicolor
+5.7,2.8,4.1,1.3,Iris-versicolor
+6.3,3.3,6,2.5,Iris-virginica
+5.8,2.7,5.1,1.9,Iris-virginica
+7.1,3,5.9,2.1,Iris-virginica
+6.3,2.9,5.6,1.8,Iris-virginica
+6.5,3,5.8,2.2,Iris-virginica
+7.6,3,6.6,2.1,Iris-virginica
+4.9,2.5,4.5,1.7,Iris-virginica
+7.3,2.9,6.3,1.8,Iris-virginica
+6.7,2.5,5.8,1.8,Iris-virginica
+7.2,3.6,6.1,2.5,Iris-virginica
+6.5,3.2,5.1,2,Iris-virginica
+6.4,2.7,5.3,1.9,Iris-virginica
+6.8,3,5.5,2.1,Iris-virginica
+5.7,2.5,5,2,Iris-virginica
+5.8,2.8,5.1,2.4,Iris-virginica
+6.4,3.2,5.3,2.3,Iris-virginica
+6.5,3,5.5,1.8,Iris-virginica
+7.7,3.8,6.7,2.2,Iris-virginica
+7.7,2.6,6.9,2.3,Iris-virginica
+6,2.2,5,1.5,Iris-virginica
+6.9,3.2,5.7,2.3,Iris-virginica
+5.6,2.8,4.9,2,Iris-virginica
+7.7,2.8,6.7,2,Iris-virginica
+6.3,2.7,4.9,1.8,Iris-virginica
+6.7,3.3,5.7,2.1,Iris-virginica
+7.2,3.2,6,1.8,Iris-virginica
+6.2,2.8,4.8,1.8,Iris-virginica
+6.1,3,4.9,1.8,Iris-virginica
+6.4,2.8,5.6,2.1,Iris-virginica
+7.2,3,5.8,1.6,Iris-virginica
+7.4,2.8,6.1,1.9,Iris-virginica
+7.9,3.8,6.4,2,Iris-virginica
+6.4,2.8,5.6,2.2,Iris-virginica
+6.3,2.8,5.1,1.5,Iris-virginica
+6.1,2.6,5.6,1.4,Iris-virginica
+7.7,3,6.1,2.3,Iris-virginica
+6.3,3.4,5.6,2.4,Iris-virginica
+6.4,3.1,5.5,1.8,Iris-virginica
+6,3,4.8,1.8,Iris-virginica
+6.9,3.1,5.4,2.1,Iris-virginica
+6.7,3.1,5.6,2.4,Iris-virginica
+6.9,3.1,5.1,2.3,Iris-virginica
+5.8,2.7,5.1,1.9,Iris-virginica
+6.8,3.2,5.9,2.3,Iris-virginica
+6.7,3.3,5.7,2.5,Iris-virginica
+6.7,3,5.2,2.3,Iris-virginica
+6.3,2.5,5,1.9,Iris-virginica
+6.5,3,5.2,2,Iris-virginica
+6.2,3.4,5.4,2.3,Iris-virginica
+5.9,3,5.1,1.8,Iris-virginica

datasets/regression/automobile.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+symboling,normalized-losses,make,fuel-type,aspiration,num-of-doors,body-style,drive-wheels,engine-location,wheel-base,length,width,height,curb-weight,engine-type,num-of-cylinders,engine-size,fuel-system,bore,stroke,compression-ratio,horsepower,peak-rpm,city-mpg,highway-mpg,price
+3,?,alfa-romero,gas,std,two,convertible,rwd,front,88.60,168.80,64.10,48.80,2548,dohc,four,130,mpfi,3.47,2.68,9.00,111,5000,21,27,13495
+3,?,alfa-romero,gas,std,two,convertible,rwd,front,88.60,168.80,64.10,48.80,2548,dohc,four,130,mpfi,3.47,2.68,9.00,111,5000,21,27,16500
+1,?,alfa-romero,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,94.50,171.20,65.50,52.40,2823,ohcv,six,152,mpfi,2.68,3.47,9.00,154,5000,19,26,16500
+2,164,audi,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,99.80,176.60,66.20,54.30,2337,ohc,four,109,mpfi,3.19,3.40,10.00,102,5500,24,30,13950
+2,164,audi,gas,std,four,sedan,4wd,front,99.40,176.60,66.40,54.30,2824,ohc,five,136,mpfi,3.19,3.40,8.00,115,5500,18,22,17450
+2,?,audi,gas,std,two,sedan,fwd,front,99.80,177.30,66.30,53.10,2507,ohc,five,136,mpfi,3.19,3.40,8.50,110,5500,19,25,15250
+1,158,audi,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,105.80,192.70,71.40,55.70,2844,ohc,five,136,mpfi,3.19,3.40,8.50,110,5500,19,25,17710
+1,?,audi,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,105.80,192.70,71.40,55.70,2954,ohc,five,136,mpfi,3.19,3.40,8.50,110,5500,19,25,18920
+1,158,audi,gas,turbo,four,sedan,fwd,front,105.80,192.70,71.40,55.90,3086,ohc,five,131,mpfi,3.13,3.40,8.30,140,5500,17,20,23875
+0,?,audi,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,4wd,front,99.50,178.20,67.90,52.00,3053,ohc,five,131,mpfi,3.13,3.40,7.00,160,5500,16,22,?
+2,192,bmw,gas,std,two,sedan,rwd,front,101.20,176.80,64.80,54.30,2395,ohc,four,108,mpfi,3.50,2.80,8.80,101,5800,23,29,16430
+0,192,bmw,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,101.20,176.80,64.80,54.30,2395,ohc,four,108,mpfi,3.50,2.80,8.80,101,5800,23,29,16925
+0,188,bmw,gas,std,two,sedan,rwd,front,101.20,176.80,64.80,54.30,2710,ohc,six,164,mpfi,3.31,3.19,9.00,121,4250,21,28,20970
+0,188,bmw,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,101.20,176.80,64.80,54.30,2765,ohc,six,164,mpfi,3.31,3.19,9.00,121,4250,21,28,21105
+1,?,bmw,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,103.50,189.00,66.90,55.70,3055,ohc,six,164,mpfi,3.31,3.19,9.00,121,4250,20,25,24565
+0,?,bmw,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,103.50,189.00,66.90,55.70,3230,ohc,six,209,mpfi,3.62,3.39,8.00,182,5400,16,22,30760
+0,?,bmw,gas,std,two,sedan,rwd,front,103.50,193.80,67.90,53.70,3380,ohc,six,209,mpfi,3.62,3.39,8.00,182,5400,16,22,41315
+0,?,bmw,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,110.00,197.00,70.90,56.30,3505,ohc,six,209,mpfi,3.62,3.39,8.00,182,5400,15,20,36880
+2,121,chevrolet,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,88.40,141.10,60.30,53.20,1488,l,three,61,2bbl,2.91,3.03,9.50,48,5100,47,53,5151
+1,98,chevrolet,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,94.50,155.90,63.60,52.00,1874,ohc,four,90,2bbl,3.03,3.11,9.60,70,5400,38,43,6295
+0,81,chevrolet,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,94.50,158.80,63.60,52.00,1909,ohc,four,90,2bbl,3.03,3.11,9.60,70,5400,38,43,6575
+1,118,dodge,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.80,1876,ohc,four,90,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.41,68,5500,37,41,5572
+1,118,dodge,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.80,1876,ohc,four,90,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,31,38,6377
+1,118,dodge,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.80,2128,ohc,four,98,mpfi,3.03,3.39,7.60,102,5500,24,30,7957
+1,148,dodge,gas,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.60,1967,ohc,four,90,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,31,38,6229
+1,148,dodge,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.60,1989,ohc,four,90,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,31,38,6692
+1,148,dodge,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.60,1989,ohc,four,90,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,31,38,7609
+1,148,dodge,gas,turbo,?,sedan,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.60,2191,ohc,four,98,mpfi,3.03,3.39,7.60,102,5500,24,30,8558
+-1,110,dodge,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,103.30,174.60,64.60,59.80,2535,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.34,3.46,8.50,88,5000,24,30,8921
+3,145,dodge,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,fwd,front,95.90,173.20,66.30,50.20,2811,ohc,four,156,mfi,3.60,3.90,7.00,145,5000,19,24,12964
+2,137,honda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,86.60,144.60,63.90,50.80,1713,ohc,four,92,1bbl,2.91,3.41,9.60,58,4800,49,54,6479
+2,137,honda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,86.60,144.60,63.90,50.80,1819,ohc,four,92,1bbl,2.91,3.41,9.20,76,6000,31,38,6855
+1,101,honda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,150.00,64.00,52.60,1837,ohc,four,79,1bbl,2.91,3.07,10.10,60,5500,38,42,5399
+1,101,honda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,150.00,64.00,52.60,1940,ohc,four,92,1bbl,2.91,3.41,9.20,76,6000,30,34,6529
+1,101,honda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,150.00,64.00,52.60,1956,ohc,four,92,1bbl,2.91,3.41,9.20,76,6000,30,34,7129
+0,110,honda,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,96.50,163.40,64.00,54.50,2010,ohc,four,92,1bbl,2.91,3.41,9.20,76,6000,30,34,7295
+0,78,honda,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,96.50,157.10,63.90,58.30,2024,ohc,four,92,1bbl,2.92,3.41,9.20,76,6000,30,34,7295
+0,106,honda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,96.50,167.50,65.20,53.30,2236,ohc,four,110,1bbl,3.15,3.58,9.00,86,5800,27,33,7895
+0,106,honda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,96.50,167.50,65.20,53.30,2289,ohc,four,110,1bbl,3.15,3.58,9.00,86,5800,27,33,9095
+0,85,honda,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,96.50,175.40,65.20,54.10,2304,ohc,four,110,1bbl,3.15,3.58,9.00,86,5800,27,33,8845
+0,85,honda,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,96.50,175.40,62.50,54.10,2372,ohc,four,110,1bbl,3.15,3.58,9.00,86,5800,27,33,10295
+0,85,honda,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,96.50,175.40,65.20,54.10,2465,ohc,four,110,mpfi,3.15,3.58,9.00,101,5800,24,28,12945
+1,107,honda,gas,std,two,sedan,fwd,front,96.50,169.10,66.00,51.00,2293,ohc,four,110,2bbl,3.15,3.58,9.10,100,5500,25,31,10345
+0,?,isuzu,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,94.30,170.70,61.80,53.50,2337,ohc,four,111,2bbl,3.31,3.23,8.50,78,4800,24,29,6785
+1,?,isuzu,gas,std,two,sedan,fwd,front,94.50,155.90,63.60,52.00,1874,ohc,four,90,2bbl,3.03,3.11,9.60,70,5400,38,43,?
+0,?,isuzu,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,94.50,155.90,63.60,52.00,1909,ohc,four,90,2bbl,3.03,3.11,9.60,70,5400,38,43,?
+2,?,isuzu,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,96.00,172.60,65.20,51.40,2734,ohc,four,119,spfi,3.43,3.23,9.20,90,5000,24,29,11048
+0,145,jaguar,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,113.00,199.60,69.60,52.80,4066,dohc,six,258,mpfi,3.63,4.17,8.10,176,4750,15,19,32250
+0,?,jaguar,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,113.00,199.60,69.60,52.80,4066,dohc,six,258,mpfi,3.63,4.17,8.10,176,4750,15,19,35550
+0,?,jaguar,gas,std,two,sedan,rwd,front,102.00,191.70,70.60,47.80,3950,ohcv,twelve,326,mpfi,3.54,2.76,11.50,262,5000,13,17,36000
+1,104,mazda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.10,159.10,64.20,54.10,1890,ohc,four,91,2bbl,3.03,3.15,9.00,68,5000,30,31,5195
+1,104,mazda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.10,159.10,64.20,54.10,1900,ohc,four,91,2bbl,3.03,3.15,9.00,68,5000,31,38,6095
+1,104,mazda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.10,159.10,64.20,54.10,1905,ohc,four,91,2bbl,3.03,3.15,9.00,68,5000,31,38,6795
+1,113,mazda,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,93.10,166.80,64.20,54.10,1945,ohc,four,91,2bbl,3.03,3.15,9.00,68,5000,31,38,6695
+1,113,mazda,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,93.10,166.80,64.20,54.10,1950,ohc,four,91,2bbl,3.08,3.15,9.00,68,5000,31,38,7395
+3,150,mazda,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,95.30,169.00,65.70,49.60,2380,rotor,two,70,4bbl,?,?,9.40,101,6000,17,23,10945
+3,150,mazda,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,95.30,169.00,65.70,49.60,2380,rotor,two,70,4bbl,?,?,9.40,101,6000,17,23,11845
+3,150,mazda,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,95.30,169.00,65.70,49.60,2385,rotor,two,70,4bbl,?,?,9.40,101,6000,17,23,13645
+3,150,mazda,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,95.30,169.00,65.70,49.60,2500,rotor,two,80,mpfi,?,?,9.40,135,6000,16,23,15645
+1,129,mazda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,98.80,177.80,66.50,53.70,2385,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.39,3.39,8.60,84,4800,26,32,8845
+0,115,mazda,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,98.80,177.80,66.50,55.50,2410,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.39,3.39,8.60,84,4800,26,32,8495
+1,129,mazda,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,98.80,177.80,66.50,53.70,2385,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.39,3.39,8.60,84,4800,26,32,10595
+0,115,mazda,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,98.80,177.80,66.50,55.50,2410,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.39,3.39,8.60,84,4800,26,32,10245
+0,?,mazda,diesel,std,?,sedan,fwd,front,98.80,177.80,66.50,55.50,2443,ohc,four,122,idi,3.39,3.39,22.70,64,4650,36,42,10795
+0,115,mazda,gas,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,98.80,177.80,66.50,55.50,2425,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.39,3.39,8.60,84,4800,26,32,11245
+0,118,mazda,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,104.90,175.00,66.10,54.40,2670,ohc,four,140,mpfi,3.76,3.16,8.00,120,5000,19,27,18280
+0,?,mazda,diesel,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,104.90,175.00,66.10,54.40,2700,ohc,four,134,idi,3.43,3.64,22.00,72,4200,31,39,18344
+-1,93,mercedes-benz,diesel,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,110.00,190.90,70.30,56.50,3515,ohc,five,183,idi,3.58,3.64,21.50,123,4350,22,25,25552
+-1,93,mercedes-benz,diesel,turbo,four,wagon,rwd,front,110.00,190.90,70.30,58.70,3750,ohc,five,183,idi,3.58,3.64,21.50,123,4350,22,25,28248
+0,93,mercedes-benz,diesel,turbo,two,hardtop,rwd,front,106.70,187.50,70.30,54.90,3495,ohc,five,183,idi,3.58,3.64,21.50,123,4350,22,25,28176
+-1,93,mercedes-benz,diesel,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,115.60,202.60,71.70,56.30,3770,ohc,five,183,idi,3.58,3.64,21.50,123,4350,22,25,31600
+-1,?,mercedes-benz,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,115.60,202.60,71.70,56.50,3740,ohcv,eight,234,mpfi,3.46,3.10,8.30,155,4750,16,18,34184
+3,142,mercedes-benz,gas,std,two,convertible,rwd,front,96.60,180.30,70.50,50.80,3685,ohcv,eight,234,mpfi,3.46,3.10,8.30,155,4750,16,18,35056
+0,?,mercedes-benz,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,120.90,208.10,71.70,56.70,3900,ohcv,eight,308,mpfi,3.80,3.35,8.00,184,4500,14,16,40960
+1,?,mercedes-benz,gas,std,two,hardtop,rwd,front,112.00,199.20,72.00,55.40,3715,ohcv,eight,304,mpfi,3.80,3.35,8.00,184,4500,14,16,45400
+1,?,mercury,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,rwd,front,102.70,178.40,68.00,54.80,2910,ohc,four,140,mpfi,3.78,3.12,8.00,175,5000,19,24,16503
+2,161,mitsubishi,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,64.40,50.80,1918,ohc,four,92,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,37,41,5389
+2,161,mitsubishi,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,64.40,50.80,1944,ohc,four,92,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,31,38,6189
+2,161,mitsubishi,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,64.40,50.80,2004,ohc,four,92,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,31,38,6669
+1,161,mitsubishi,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93,157.30,63.80,50.80,2145,ohc,four,98,spdi,3.03,3.39,7.60,102,5500,24,30,7689
+3,153,mitsubishi,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,fwd,front,96.30,173.00,65.40,49.40,2370,ohc,four,110,spdi,3.17,3.46,7.50,116,5500,23,30,9959
+3,153,mitsubishi,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,96.30,173.00,65.40,49.40,2328,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.35,3.46,8.50,88,5000,25,32,8499
+3,?,mitsubishi,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,fwd,front,95.90,173.20,66.30,50.20,2833,ohc,four,156,spdi,3.58,3.86,7.00,145,5000,19,24,12629
+3,?,mitsubishi,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,fwd,front,95.90,173.20,66.30,50.20,2921,ohc,four,156,spdi,3.59,3.86,7.00,145,5000,19,24,14869
+3,?,mitsubishi,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,fwd,front,95.90,173.20,66.30,50.20,2926,ohc,four,156,spdi,3.59,3.86,7.00,145,5000,19,24,14489
+1,125,mitsubishi,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,96.30,172.40,65.40,51.60,2365,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.35,3.46,8.50,88,5000,25,32,6989
+1,125,mitsubishi,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,96.30,172.40,65.40,51.60,2405,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.35,3.46,8.50,88,5000,25,32,8189
+1,125,mitsubishi,gas,turbo,four,sedan,fwd,front,96.30,172.40,65.40,51.60,2403,ohc,four,110,spdi,3.17,3.46,7.50,116,5500,23,30,9279
+-1,137,mitsubishi,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,96.30,172.40,65.40,51.60,2403,ohc,four,110,spdi,3.17,3.46,7.50,116,5500,23,30,9279
+1,128,nissan,gas,std,two,sedan,fwd,front,94.50,165.30,63.80,54.50,1889,ohc,four,97,2bbl,3.15,3.29,9.40,69,5200,31,37,5499
+1,128,nissan,diesel,std,two,sedan,fwd,front,94.50,165.30,63.80,54.50,2017,ohc,four,103,idi,2.99,3.47,21.90,55,4800,45,50,7099
+1,128,nissan,gas,std,two,sedan,fwd,front,94.50,165.30,63.80,54.50,1918,ohc,four,97,2bbl,3.15,3.29,9.40,69,5200,31,37,6649
+1,122,nissan,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,94.50,165.30,63.80,54.50,1938,ohc,four,97,2bbl,3.15,3.29,9.40,69,5200,31,37,6849
+1,103,nissan,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,94.50,170.20,63.80,53.50,2024,ohc,four,97,2bbl,3.15,3.29,9.40,69,5200,31,37,7349
+1,128,nissan,gas,std,two,sedan,fwd,front,94.50,165.30,63.80,54.50,1951,ohc,four,97,2bbl,3.15,3.29,9.40,69,5200,31,37,7299
+1,128,nissan,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,94.50,165.60,63.80,53.30,2028,ohc,four,97,2bbl,3.15,3.29,9.40,69,5200,31,37,7799
+1,122,nissan,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,94.50,165.30,63.80,54.50,1971,ohc,four,97,2bbl,3.15,3.29,9.40,69,5200,31,37,7499
+1,103,nissan,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,94.50,170.20,63.80,53.50,2037,ohc,four,97,2bbl,3.15,3.29,9.40,69,5200,31,37,7999
+2,168,nissan,gas,std,two,hardtop,fwd,front,95.10,162.40,63.80,53.30,2008,ohc,four,97,2bbl,3.15,3.29,9.40,69,5200,31,37,8249
+0,106,nissan,gas,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,97.20,173.40,65.20,54.70,2324,ohc,four,120,2bbl,3.33,3.47,8.50,97,5200,27,34,8949
+0,106,nissan,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,97.20,173.40,65.20,54.70,2302,ohc,four,120,2bbl,3.33,3.47,8.50,97,5200,27,34,9549
+0,128,nissan,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,100.40,181.70,66.50,55.10,3095,ohcv,six,181,mpfi,3.43,3.27,9.00,152,5200,17,22,13499
+0,108,nissan,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,100.40,184.60,66.50,56.10,3296,ohcv,six,181,mpfi,3.43,3.27,9.00,152,5200,17,22,14399
+0,108,nissan,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,100.40,184.60,66.50,55.10,3060,ohcv,six,181,mpfi,3.43,3.27,9.00,152,5200,19,25,13499
+3,194,nissan,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,91.30,170.70,67.90,49.70,3071,ohcv,six,181,mpfi,3.43,3.27,9.00,160,5200,19,25,17199
+3,194,nissan,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,rwd,front,91.30,170.70,67.90,49.70,3139,ohcv,six,181,mpfi,3.43,3.27,7.80,200,5200,17,23,19699
+1,231,nissan,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,99.20,178.50,67.90,49.70,3139,ohcv,six,181,mpfi,3.43,3.27,9.00,160,5200,19,25,18399
+0,161,peugot,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,107.90,186.70,68.40,56.70,3020,l,four,120,mpfi,3.46,3.19,8.40,97,5000,19,24,11900
+0,161,peugot,diesel,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,107.90,186.70,68.40,56.70,3197,l,four,152,idi,3.70,3.52,21.00,95,4150,28,33,13200
+0,?,peugot,gas,std,four,wagon,rwd,front,114.20,198.90,68.40,58.70,3230,l,four,120,mpfi,3.46,3.19,8.40,97,5000,19,24,12440
+0,?,peugot,diesel,turbo,four,wagon,rwd,front,114.20,198.90,68.40,58.70,3430,l,four,152,idi,3.70,3.52,21.00,95,4150,25,25,13860
+0,161,peugot,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,107.90,186.70,68.40,56.70,3075,l,four,120,mpfi,3.46,2.19,8.40,95,5000,19,24,15580
+0,161,peugot,diesel,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,107.90,186.70,68.40,56.70,3252,l,four,152,idi,3.70,3.52,21.00,95,4150,28,33,16900
+0,?,peugot,gas,std,four,wagon,rwd,front,114.20,198.90,68.40,56.70,3285,l,four,120,mpfi,3.46,2.19,8.40,95,5000,19,24,16695
+0,?,peugot,diesel,turbo,four,wagon,rwd,front,114.20,198.90,68.40,58.70,3485,l,four,152,idi,3.70,3.52,21.00,95,4150,25,25,17075
+0,161,peugot,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,107.90,186.70,68.40,56.70,3075,l,four,120,mpfi,3.46,3.19,8.40,97,5000,19,24,16630
+0,161,peugot,diesel,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,107.90,186.70,68.40,56.70,3252,l,four,152,idi,3.70,3.52,21.00,95,4150,28,33,17950
+0,161,peugot,gas,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,108.00,186.70,68.30,56.00,3130,l,four,134,mpfi,3.61,3.21,7.00,142,5600,18,24,18150
+1,119,plymouth,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.80,1918,ohc,four,90,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,37,41,5572
+1,119,plymouth,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.80,2128,ohc,four,98,spdi,3.03,3.39,7.60,102,5500,24,30,7957
+1,154,plymouth,gas,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.30,63.80,50.60,1967,ohc,four,90,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,31,38,6229
+1,154,plymouth,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,93.70,167.30,63.80,50.80,1989,ohc,four,90,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,31,38,6692
+1,154,plymouth,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,93.70,167.30,63.80,50.80,2191,ohc,four,98,2bbl,2.97,3.23,9.40,68,5500,31,38,7609
+-1,74,plymouth,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,103.30,174.60,64.60,59.80,2535,ohc,four,122,2bbl,3.35,3.46,8.50,88,5000,24,30,8921
+3,?,plymouth,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,rwd,front,95.90,173.20,66.30,50.20,2818,ohc,four,156,spdi,3.59,3.86,7.00,145,5000,19,24,12764
+3,186,porsche,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,94.50,168.90,68.30,50.20,2778,ohc,four,151,mpfi,3.94,3.11,9.50,143,5500,19,27,22018
+3,?,porsche,gas,std,two,hardtop,rwd,rear,89.50,168.90,65.00,51.60,2756,ohcf,six,194,mpfi,3.74,2.90,9.50,207,5900,17,25,32528
+3,?,porsche,gas,std,two,hardtop,rwd,rear,89.50,168.90,65.00,51.60,2756,ohcf,six,194,mpfi,3.74,2.90,9.50,207,5900,17,25,34028
+3,?,porsche,gas,std,two,convertible,rwd,rear,89.50,168.90,65.00,51.60,2800,ohcf,six,194,mpfi,3.74,2.90,9.50,207,5900,17,25,37028
+1,?,porsche,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,98.40,175.70,72.30,50.50,3366,dohcv,eight,203,mpfi,3.94,3.11,10.00,288,5750,17,28,?
+0,?,renault,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,96.10,181.50,66.50,55.20,2579,ohc,four,132,mpfi,3.46,3.90,8.70,?,?,23,31,9295
+2,?,renault,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,96.10,176.80,66.60,50.50,2460,ohc,four,132,mpfi,3.46,3.90,8.70,?,?,23,31,9895
+3,150,saab,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,99.10,186.60,66.50,56.10,2658,ohc,four,121,mpfi,3.54,3.07,9.31,110,5250,21,28,11850
+2,104,saab,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,99.10,186.60,66.50,56.10,2695,ohc,four,121,mpfi,3.54,3.07,9.30,110,5250,21,28,12170
+3,150,saab,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,99.10,186.60,66.50,56.10,2707,ohc,four,121,mpfi,2.54,2.07,9.30,110,5250,21,28,15040
+2,104,saab,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,99.10,186.60,66.50,56.10,2758,ohc,four,121,mpfi,3.54,3.07,9.30,110,5250,21,28,15510
+3,150,saab,gas,turbo,two,hatchback,fwd,front,99.10,186.60,66.50,56.10,2808,dohc,four,121,mpfi,3.54,3.07,9.00,160,5500,19,26,18150
+2,104,saab,gas,turbo,four,sedan,fwd,front,99.10,186.60,66.50,56.10,2847,dohc,four,121,mpfi,3.54,3.07,9.00,160,5500,19,26,18620
+2,83,subaru,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,156.90,63.40,53.70,2050,ohcf,four,97,2bbl,3.62,2.36,9.00,69,4900,31,36,5118
+2,83,subaru,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,93.70,157.90,63.60,53.70,2120,ohcf,four,108,2bbl,3.62,2.64,8.70,73,4400,26,31,7053
+2,83,subaru,gas,std,two,hatchback,4wd,front,93.30,157.30,63.80,55.70,2240,ohcf,four,108,2bbl,3.62,2.64,8.70,73,4400,26,31,7603
+0,102,subaru,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,97.20,172.00,65.40,52.50,2145,ohcf,four,108,2bbl,3.62,2.64,9.50,82,4800,32,37,7126
+0,102,subaru,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,97.20,172.00,65.40,52.50,2190,ohcf,four,108,2bbl,3.62,2.64,9.50,82,4400,28,33,7775
+0,102,subaru,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,97.20,172.00,65.40,52.50,2340,ohcf,four,108,mpfi,3.62,2.64,9.00,94,5200,26,32,9960
+0,102,subaru,gas,std,four,sedan,4wd,front,97.00,172.00,65.40,54.30,2385,ohcf,four,108,2bbl,3.62,2.64,9.00,82,4800,24,25,9233
+0,102,subaru,gas,turbo,four,sedan,4wd,front,97.00,172.00,65.40,54.30,2510,ohcf,four,108,mpfi,3.62,2.64,7.70,111,4800,24,29,11259
+0,89,subaru,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,97.00,173.50,65.40,53.00,2290,ohcf,four,108,2bbl,3.62,2.64,9.00,82,4800,28,32,7463
+0,89,subaru,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,97.00,173.50,65.40,53.00,2455,ohcf,four,108,mpfi,3.62,2.64,9.00,94,5200,25,31,10198
+0,85,subaru,gas,std,four,wagon,4wd,front,96.90,173.60,65.40,54.90,2420,ohcf,four,108,2bbl,3.62,2.64,9.00,82,4800,23,29,8013
+0,85,subaru,gas,turbo,four,wagon,4wd,front,96.90,173.60,65.40,54.90,2650,ohcf,four,108,mpfi,3.62,2.64,7.70,111,4800,23,23,11694
+1,87,toyota,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,95.70,158.70,63.60,54.50,1985,ohc,four,92,2bbl,3.05,3.03,9.00,62,4800,35,39,5348
+1,87,toyota,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,95.70,158.70,63.60,54.50,2040,ohc,four,92,2bbl,3.05,3.03,9.00,62,4800,31,38,6338
+1,74,toyota,gas,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,95.70,158.70,63.60,54.50,2015,ohc,four,92,2bbl,3.05,3.03,9.00,62,4800,31,38,6488
+0,77,toyota,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,95.70,169.70,63.60,59.10,2280,ohc,four,92,2bbl,3.05,3.03,9.00,62,4800,31,37,6918
+0,81,toyota,gas,std,four,wagon,4wd,front,95.70,169.70,63.60,59.10,2290,ohc,four,92,2bbl,3.05,3.03,9.00,62,4800,27,32,7898
+0,91,toyota,gas,std,four,wagon,4wd,front,95.70,169.70,63.60,59.10,3110,ohc,four,92,2bbl,3.05,3.03,9.00,62,4800,27,32,8778
+0,91,toyota,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,95.70,166.30,64.40,53.00,2081,ohc,four,98,2bbl,3.19,3.03,9.00,70,4800,30,37,6938
+0,91,toyota,gas,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,95.70,166.30,64.40,52.80,2109,ohc,four,98,2bbl,3.19,3.03,9.00,70,4800,30,37,7198
+0,91,toyota,diesel,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,95.70,166.30,64.40,53.00,2275,ohc,four,110,idi,3.27,3.35,22.50,56,4500,34,36,7898
+0,91,toyota,diesel,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,95.70,166.30,64.40,52.80,2275,ohc,four,110,idi,3.27,3.35,22.50,56,4500,38,47,7788
+0,91,toyota,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,95.70,166.30,64.40,53.00,2094,ohc,four,98,2bbl,3.19,3.03,9.00,70,4800,38,47,7738
+0,91,toyota,gas,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,95.70,166.30,64.40,52.80,2122,ohc,four,98,2bbl,3.19,3.03,9.00,70,4800,28,34,8358
+0,91,toyota,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,95.70,166.30,64.40,52.80,2140,ohc,four,98,2bbl,3.19,3.03,9.00,70,4800,28,34,9258
+1,168,toyota,gas,std,two,sedan,rwd,front,94.50,168.70,64.00,52.60,2169,ohc,four,98,2bbl,3.19,3.03,9.00,70,4800,29,34,8058
+1,168,toyota,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,94.50,168.70,64.00,52.60,2204,ohc,four,98,2bbl,3.19,3.03,9.00,70,4800,29,34,8238
+1,168,toyota,gas,std,two,sedan,rwd,front,94.50,168.70,64.00,52.60,2265,dohc,four,98,mpfi,3.24,3.08,9.40,112,6600,26,29,9298
+1,168,toyota,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,94.50,168.70,64.00,52.60,2300,dohc,four,98,mpfi,3.24,3.08,9.40,112,6600,26,29,9538
+2,134,toyota,gas,std,two,hardtop,rwd,front,98.40,176.20,65.60,52.00,2540,ohc,four,146,mpfi,3.62,3.50,9.30,116,4800,24,30,8449
+2,134,toyota,gas,std,two,hardtop,rwd,front,98.40,176.20,65.60,52.00,2536,ohc,four,146,mpfi,3.62,3.50,9.30,116,4800,24,30,9639
+2,134,toyota,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,98.40,176.20,65.60,52.00,2551,ohc,four,146,mpfi,3.62,3.50,9.30,116,4800,24,30,9989
+2,134,toyota,gas,std,two,hardtop,rwd,front,98.40,176.20,65.60,52.00,2679,ohc,four,146,mpfi,3.62,3.50,9.30,116,4800,24,30,11199
+2,134,toyota,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,98.40,176.20,65.60,52.00,2714,ohc,four,146,mpfi,3.62,3.50,9.30,116,4800,24,30,11549
+2,134,toyota,gas,std,two,convertible,rwd,front,98.40,176.20,65.60,53.00,2975,ohc,four,146,mpfi,3.62,3.50,9.30,116,4800,24,30,17669
+-1,65,toyota,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,102.40,175.60,66.50,54.90,2326,ohc,four,122,mpfi,3.31,3.54,8.70,92,4200,29,34,8948
+-1,65,toyota,diesel,turbo,four,sedan,fwd,front,102.40,175.60,66.50,54.90,2480,ohc,four,110,idi,3.27,3.35,22.50,73,4500,30,33,10698
+-1,65,toyota,gas,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,102.40,175.60,66.50,53.90,2414,ohc,four,122,mpfi,3.31,3.54,8.70,92,4200,27,32,9988
+-1,65,toyota,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,102.40,175.60,66.50,54.90,2414,ohc,four,122,mpfi,3.31,3.54,8.70,92,4200,27,32,10898
+-1,65,toyota,gas,std,four,hatchback,fwd,front,102.40,175.60,66.50,53.90,2458,ohc,four,122,mpfi,3.31,3.54,8.70,92,4200,27,32,11248
+3,197,toyota,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,102.90,183.50,67.70,52.00,2976,dohc,six,171,mpfi,3.27,3.35,9.30,161,5200,20,24,16558
+3,197,toyota,gas,std,two,hatchback,rwd,front,102.90,183.50,67.70,52.00,3016,dohc,six,171,mpfi,3.27,3.35,9.30,161,5200,19,24,15998
+-1,90,toyota,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,104.50,187.80,66.50,54.10,3131,dohc,six,171,mpfi,3.27,3.35,9.20,156,5200,20,24,15690
+-1,?,toyota,gas,std,four,wagon,rwd,front,104.50,187.80,66.50,54.10,3151,dohc,six,161,mpfi,3.27,3.35,9.20,156,5200,19,24,15750
+2,122,volkswagen,diesel,std,two,sedan,fwd,front,97.30,171.70,65.50,55.70,2261,ohc,four,97,idi,3.01,3.40,23.00,52,4800,37,46,7775
+2,122,volkswagen,gas,std,two,sedan,fwd,front,97.30,171.70,65.50,55.70,2209,ohc,four,109,mpfi,3.19,3.40,9.00,85,5250,27,34,7975
+2,94,volkswagen,diesel,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,97.30,171.70,65.50,55.70,2264,ohc,four,97,idi,3.01,3.40,23.00,52,4800,37,46,7995
+2,94,volkswagen,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,97.30,171.70,65.50,55.70,2212,ohc,four,109,mpfi,3.19,3.40,9.00,85,5250,27,34,8195
+2,94,volkswagen,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,97.30,171.70,65.50,55.70,2275,ohc,four,109,mpfi,3.19,3.40,9.00,85,5250,27,34,8495
+2,94,volkswagen,diesel,turbo,four,sedan,fwd,front,97.30,171.70,65.50,55.70,2319,ohc,four,97,idi,3.01,3.40,23.00,68,4500,37,42,9495
+2,94,volkswagen,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,97.30,171.70,65.50,55.70,2300,ohc,four,109,mpfi,3.19,3.40,10.00,100,5500,26,32,9995
+3,?,volkswagen,gas,std,two,convertible,fwd,front,94.50,159.30,64.20,55.60,2254,ohc,four,109,mpfi,3.19,3.40,8.50,90,5500,24,29,11595
+3,256,volkswagen,gas,std,two,hatchback,fwd,front,94.50,165.70,64.00,51.40,2221,ohc,four,109,mpfi,3.19,3.40,8.50,90,5500,24,29,9980
+0,?,volkswagen,gas,std,four,sedan,fwd,front,100.40,180.20,66.90,55.10,2661,ohc,five,136,mpfi,3.19,3.40,8.50,110,5500,19,24,13295
+0,?,volkswagen,diesel,turbo,four,sedan,fwd,front,100.40,180.20,66.90,55.10,2579,ohc,four,97,idi,3.01,3.40,23.00,68,4500,33,38,13845
+0,?,volkswagen,gas,std,four,wagon,fwd,front,100.40,183.10,66.90,55.10,2563,ohc,four,109,mpfi,3.19,3.40,9.00,88,5500,25,31,12290
+-2,103,volvo,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,104.30,188.80,67.20,56.20,2912,ohc,four,141,mpfi,3.78,3.15,9.50,114,5400,23,28,12940
+-1,74,volvo,gas,std,four,wagon,rwd,front,104.30,188.80,67.20,57.50,3034,ohc,four,141,mpfi,3.78,3.15,9.50,114,5400,23,28,13415
+-2,103,volvo,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,104.30,188.80,67.20,56.20,2935,ohc,four,141,mpfi,3.78,3.15,9.50,114,5400,24,28,15985
+-1,74,volvo,gas,std,four,wagon,rwd,front,104.30,188.80,67.20,57.50,3042,ohc,four,141,mpfi,3.78,3.15,9.50,114,5400,24,28,16515
+-2,103,volvo,gas,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,104.30,188.80,67.20,56.20,3045,ohc,four,130,mpfi,3.62,3.15,7.50,162,5100,17,22,18420
+-1,74,volvo,gas,turbo,four,wagon,rwd,front,104.30,188.80,67.20,57.50,3157,ohc,four,130,mpfi,3.62,3.15,7.50,162,5100,17,22,18950
+-1,95,volvo,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,109.10,188.80,68.90,55.50,2952,ohc,four,141,mpfi,3.78,3.15,9.50,114,5400,23,28,16845
+-1,95,volvo,gas,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,109.10,188.80,68.80,55.50,3049,ohc,four,141,mpfi,3.78,3.15,8.70,160,5300,19,25,19045
+-1,95,volvo,gas,std,four,sedan,rwd,front,109.10,188.80,68.90,55.50,3012,ohcv,six,173,mpfi,3.58,2.87,8.80,134,5500,18,23,21485
+-1,95,volvo,diesel,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,109.10,188.80,68.90,55.50,3217,ohc,six,145,idi,3.01,3.40,23.00,106,4800,26,27,22470
+-1,95,volvo,gas,turbo,four,sedan,rwd,front,109.10,188.80,68.90,55.50,3062,ohc,four,141,mpfi,3.78,3.15,9.50,114,5400,19,25,22625

src/data.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+
+from typing_extensions import Self
+
+class Dataset:
+    def __init__(self, csv:str, target:str) -> None:
+        data = pd.read_csv(csv)
+
+        # move target to the start
+        col_target = data.pop(target)
+        data.insert(0, target, col_target)
+
+        self.data = data
+        self.target = target
+        self.classification = (data[target].dtype == object)
+
+    def regularize(self, excepts:list=[]) -> Self:
+        excepts.append(self.target)
+        for col in self.data:
+            if col not in excepts:
+                dt = self.data[col]
+                self.data[col] = (dt - dt.mean()) / dt.std()
+        return self
+
+    def factorize(self, columns:list=[]) -> Self:
+        data = self.data
+        for col in columns:
+            data[col] = pd.factorize(data[col])[0]
+        return self
+
+    def to_numbers(self, columns:list=[]) -> Self:
+        data = self.data
+        for col in self.data.columns:
+            if data[col].dtype == object:
+                data[col] = pd.to_numeric(data[col], errors='coerce')
+        return self
+
+    def handle_na(self) -> Self:
+        self.data = self.data.dropna()
+        return self
+
+    def shuffle(self) -> Self:
+        self.data = self.data.sample(frac=1)
+        return self
+
+    def as_ndarray(self, bias=True):
+        data = self.data.copy()
+        if bias: data.insert(1, "Bias", 1.0)
+        return data.to_numpy()
+
+class PrincipalComponentAnalisys:
+    def __init__(self, data:np.ndarray) -> None:
+        self.data = data
+
+    def reduce(self, total:int=0, threshold:float=1) -> Self:
+        columns = self.data.shape[1]
+        if total > columns or total <= 0:
+            total = columns
+        if threshold <= 0 or threshold > 1:
+            threshold = 1
+

src/linear_regression.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import math as math
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+from data import Dataset
+
+
+class LinearRegression:
+    def __init__(self, dataset:Dataset, learning_rate:float=0.1) -> None:
+        ndarray = dataset.shuffle().as_ndarray()
+        parameters = ndarray.shape[1] - 1 #removing the result
+
+        split = int(ndarray.shape[0] * 0.2)
+        self.testset = ndarray[split:]
+        self.trainingset = ndarray[:split]
+
+        self.theta = np.random.rand(parameters)
+        self.alpha = max(0, learning_rate)
+
+    def learn(self, times:int) -> list:
+        train = []
+        test = []
+        for _ in range(0, max(1, times)):
+            train.append(self.learning_step())
+            test.append(self.test_error())
+        return (train, test)
+
+    def learning_step(self) -> float:
+        theta = self.theta
+        alpha = self.alpha
+        x = np.delete(self.trainingset, 0, 1)
+        y = self.trainingset[:, 0]
+        m = self.trainingset.shape[0]
+
+        diff = (x.dot(theta) - y)
+        sum = np.sum(diff * x.T, axis=1)
+        theta -= alpha * (1/m) * sum
+        self.theta = theta
+        return self._error(x, y, m)
+
+    def test_error(self) -> float:
+        x = np.delete(self.testset, 0, 1)
+        y = self.testset[:, 0]
+        m = self.testset.shape[0]
+        return self._error(x, y, m)
+
+    def _error(self, x:np.ndarray, y:np.ndarray, m:int) -> float:
+        diff = (x.dot(self.theta) - y)
+        return 1/(2*m) * np.sum(diff ** 2)
+
+def auto_mpg(epoch:int):
+    df = Dataset("datasets\\auto-mpg.csv", "MPG")
+
+    df.to_numbers(["HP"])
+    df.handle_na()
+    df.regularize(excepts=["Cylinders","Year","Origin"])
+
+    lr = LinearRegression(df, learning_rate=0.0001)
+    return lr.learn(epoch)
+
+def automobile(epoch:int):
+    df = Dataset("datasets\\regression\\automobile.csv", "symboling")
+
+    attributes_to_modify = ["fuel-system", "engine-type", "drive-wheels", "body-style", "make", "engine-location", "aspiration", "fuel-type", "num-of-cylinders", "num-of-doors"]
+    df.factorize(attributes_to_modify)
+    df.to_numbers()
+    df.handle_na()
+    df.regularize(excepts=attributes_to_modify)
+
+    lr = LinearRegression(df, learning_rate=0.001)
+    return lr.learn(epoch)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    epoch = 10000
+    skip = - int(epoch * 0.9)
+    err_train, err_test = auto_mpg(epoch)
+    plt.title("Error")
+    plt.xlabel("Time")
+    plt.ylabel("Mean Error")
+    plt.plot(err_train[skip:-1], color="red")
+    plt.plot(err_test[skip:-1], color="blue")
+    plt.show()